-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump -- version 2.9.1.1 -- http://www.phpmyadmin.net -- -- Host: 127.0.0.1 -- Generation Time: Dec 16, 2006 at 02:13 PM -- Server version: 4.1.20 -- PHP Version: 4.4.4 -- -- Database: `webdesignbook` -- -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Table structure for table `counts` -- CREATE TABLE `counts` ( `term` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `count` int(11) default NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; -- -- Dumping data for table `counts` -- INSERT INTO `counts` (`term`, `count`) VALUES ('frame', 14), ('Web page', 12), ('HTML', 11), ('animation', 7), ('World Wide Web', 44), ('hypermedia', 28), ('link', 5), ('Internet', 6), ('network', 2), ('data', 7), ('software', 6), ('adsl', 6), ('quicktime', 9), ('cross-platform', 1), ('edit', 1), ('broadband', 16), ('kbps', 2), ('bandwidth', 18), ('data transfer rate', 3), ('Web browser', 13), ('Mbps', 3), ('jpeg', 7), ('lossy compression', 4), ('markup language', 5), ('markup', 41), ('tag', 3), ('aliasing', 1), ('XHTML', 6), ('accessibility', 55), ('Web site', 1), ('system', 3); -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Table structure for table `glossary` -- CREATE TABLE `glossary` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `term` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `definition` mediumtext NOT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; -- -- Dumping data for table `glossary` -- INSERT INTO `glossary` (`id`, `term`, `definition`) VALUES (1, '24-bit colour', 'A digital colour representation using 3 bytes (24 bits) to represent each pixel; one byte for each of the red, green and blue components.'), (2, '3-D', 'Three dimensional. Applied to genuinely three dimensional models, images generated by those models, or applications for the production of such models, but also to two dimensional images giving an impression of depth (using perspective, stereographic projection, shading etc.).'), (3, 'accessibility', 'In the context of the World Wide Web, features of Web sites which ensure that the content of the sites can be accessed by people with disabilities of any kind.'), (4, 'ActionScript', 'The Macromedia Flash scripting language, based on ECMAScript, intended for the creation of interactive features in Flash movies and Web sites and the control of Flash movies.'), (5, 'ActiveX', 'A Microsoft component technology which permits programs (ActiveX Controls) to be transmitted over the Internet to interact with the user and applications running on the client machine. ActiveX is platform-specific, being only supported by Windows operating systems.'), (6, 'ADPCM', 'Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation. A digital audio compression technique, based on storing the differences between consecutive samples.'), (7, 'ADSL', 'Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A high-speed data connection for Internet access, using existing copper phone lines. An ADSL connection is many times faster than a dial-up connection in the downstream direction. Upstream data rates are typically significantly slower than downstream rates.'), (8, 'AIFF', 'Audio Interchange File Format. A file format commonly used on Apple platforms for storing digital audio data. AIFF supports a variety of bit resolutions, sample rates, and channels of audio. '), (9, 'algorithm', 'A set of rules giving a sequence of operations for solving a particular problem.'), (10, 'aliasing', 'An artefact in signal processing resulting from undersampling, whereby frequency components get transformed into other frequencies. The phenomenon manifests itself differently in different media. In audio, it is heard as distortion of the sound; in images it is seen in the form of jagged edges or Moir patterns.'), (11, 'alpha channel', 'A greyscale mask used to specify different degrees of transparency in an image.'), (12, 'analogue', 'An adjective applied to data which can have arbitrary real values and can therefore represent continuously vary-ing signals and phenomena such as brightness. '), (13, 'animated GIF', 'A GIF file that contains more than one image. Because Web browsers and other programs will display each image in turn, this format is suitable for animation. Animated GIF is the only file format for animated sequences which does not require a browser plug-in for playback on Web pages.'), (14, 'animatic', 'A sequence of key still images, presented with assigned durations in a time-based medium, which conveys the pacing and narrative development of a project. Each image is held for the length of time which the sequence it represents will take.'), (15, 'animation', 'Since the beginning of the twentieth century, animation has meant the creation of the illusion of movement by the rapid display of a succession of still images drawings, paintings or photographs of manipulated objects or materials. The term is derived from animate, meaning to give life to or to bring alive. In the context of the World Wide Web, animation may be any technique which brings Web pages to life through movement or change using images which are created or computed one at a time.'), (16, 'antialiasing', 'The replacement of pixel values at a contrasting edge in an image (especially a diagonal edge) with values between the original extremes. This softens the coarse, step-like appearance (pixellation) often seen in low resolution images.'), (17, 'API', 'Application Programming Interface. A set of well-defined interfaces by which an application communicates with an operating system or other programs.'), (18, 'applet', 'A very small program, usually in Java, downloaded from a Web server to run inside a Web browser on a client machine.'), (19, 'artefact', 'A usually undesirable side-effect of data processing during compression etc. which results in a perceivable distortion of the original.'), (20, 'ASCII', 'American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A character code providing a standard for the interpretation of bit patterns to signify letters, digits, punctuation and control operations.'), (21, 'assistive technology', 'Devices for people with disabilities to allow them to use computers and to access information. For example, voice input software, Braille writers, large character displays, etc.'), (22, 'attribute', 'A named property together with constraints on permissible values of that property. For example, in HTML, tags of different types have named attributes such as height, width, etc.'), (23, 'bandwidth', 'A measure of the maximum possible data transfer rate available over a communication channel.'), (24, 'Bezier curve', 'A curve defined by two end points with a pair of direction lines at each end to indicate the directions and rates at which the curve leaves the two end points. Bzier curves are particularly useful because they may be connected smoothly.'), (25, 'bit', 'A binary digit; the smallest unit of digital information, taking one of the values 0 and 1. '), (26, 'bit depth', 'The number of bits being used to represent each pixel in an image. This can be as low as two bits for a greyscale image comprising only black and white pixels, but is more frequently a multiple of eight.'), (27, 'bitmap', 'An array of values in which the colour of every pixel in a digital image is specified. The term bitmap is often used to refer to the image itself, and is contrasted with vector graphics. Bitmapped images are typically complex and have large file sizes; images from a scanner, camera or video source (whether digital or not) are all represented by bitmaps in a computer.'), (28, 'broadband', 'Broad bandwidth connectivity, typically 500 kbps or greater over, for example, ADSL, cable modem or satellite.'), (31, 'byte', 'A data storage unit comprising an ordered sequence of eight bits.'), (32, 'cache', 'Temporary storage held either in memory or on disk in order to retain recently accessed data so that subsequent requests for the same data may be satisfied quickly. Web browsers typically use a cache for this purpose.'), (33, 'Cartesian coordinate system', 'A mathematical representation of points in space. Each point is uniquely represented by an ordered set of numbers representing the distances from a fixed point (the origin) to the point in question measured along axes mutually at right angles. '), (35, 'CCIR 601', 'A standard for digital video sampling (properly known as ITU-R 601), defining a horizontal sampling picture format providing 720 luminance samples and two sets of 360 colour difference samples per scan line. An NTSC frame according to CCIR 601 consists of 720480 pixels; a PAL frame consists of 720576.'), (36, 'cel', 'In traditional animation, a sheet of transparent acetate on which images for animation are drawn and painted, allowing layering of images to build up a scene. This technique is closely echoed in many digital animation applications which use multiple layers and transparency.'), (37, 'CGI', 'The Common Gateway Interface. A mechanism for a Web server to pass data contained in a clients request (using HTTP) to a script running on the Web server. The output from a CGI script is a complete or partial HTTP response, for example to build a Web page dynamically.'), (38, 'channel', 'In graphics, each of the separate greyscale images making up a colour image. For example, the red, green and blue channels of an RGB image.'), (39, 'character code', 'A number representing one of the characters supported in a character set, for example in the ASCII character set.'), (40, 'character entity', 'A symbol reference in XML or HTML used to insert characters which would be hard to type, which are not available in the chosen character encoding, or which form part of an XML tag, for example the < symbol. '), (41, 'character set', 'An association between a set of integers and the characters they are used to represent, defined by an unambiguous set of rules.'), (42, 'CIE', 'Commission Internationale de lclairage (International Commission on Illumination). An organization which has defined stardards in colour perception, for example the CIE chromaticity diagram.'), (44, 'client', 'A term used generally to refer to a computer running a client program.'), (45, 'client/server', 'The model of interaction in a distributed system such as the Internet in which a client program running on one computer sends a request which is responded to by a server program running on another computer, often at a different location.'), (46, 'clipping', 'A form of signal distortion, usually caused by over-amplification, where the output signal is limited or clipped to the maximum amplitude that can be represented.'), (47, 'clipping path', 'In a bitmapped image, a vector path which defines a shape used as a mask when importing the image into other applications.'), (48, 'CLUT', 'Colour lookup table. An indexed table used to map a limited set of index values to RGB components, up to a maximum of 256 colours.'), (50, 'CMYK', 'Cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y) the three subtractive primary colours together with black (K): the process colours used in colour printing.'), (51, 'code', 'Part or all of a computer program, in particular the source or compiled instructions forming user applications. Also used informally to refer to markup in HTML, etc.'), (52, 'codec', 'A component performing the compression and decompression of video signals (a contraction of compressor/decompressor).'), (53, 'ColorSync', 'Apple software providing colour management at a system software level.'), (54, 'colour depth', 'The number of bits used to represent each pixel in an image.'), (55, 'colour management system', 'Software which compensates for variations in device-dependent colour handling in order to achieve accurate and consistent colour reproduction.'), (56, 'colour profile', 'A description of the colour characteristics of a device used for mapping between colours and colour values, used by a colour management system. '), (57, 'component video', 'An analogue video system comprising three separate video signals: one for luminance and two for colour difference values. These signals carry picture information in YUV colour.'), (58, 'composite video', 'An analogue video signal which combines Y, U and V on a single carrier with a sync component.'), (59, 'compression', 'An operation performed on data to reduce the space required to represent it, for reasons of economy or efficiency. Used very frequently with bitmapped images, and in all but the highest-end video work.'), (60, 'cross-platform', 'A term applied to software and data formats which may be employed essentially unmodified on a variety of computer platforms and operating systems, for example on Apple, Unix and Windows machines.'), (61, 'CSS', 'Cascading Style Sheets. A language defined by a World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation for specifying the formatting and layout of the elements of structurally marked-up documents such as HTML or XML documents.'), (62, 'DAT', 'Digital Audio Tape. A digital sound recording format using cassettes of 4mm tape employing sampling rates of up to 48 kHz. DAT is also used to store data.'), (63, 'data', 'The values which are input, stored, manipulated and output by computer software, which may represent or be interpreted as text, sounds, images, software, etc.'), (64, 'database', 'A large structured collection of persistent data which may be accessed using a query language.'), (65, 'data transfer rate', 'The speed at which data is transmitted across a network, usually measured in bits per second (bps). '), (66, 'decompression', 'An operation performed on previously compressed data to restore it as far as possible to its original, pre-compressed state. Used frequently in image and video work.'), (67, 'de-interlacing', 'The separating of the two fields of a video frame.'), (69, 'digital', 'An adjective applied to data which can only have a finite set of discrete values and can therefore only approximate continuously varying signals and phenomena, but which is in a form amenable to computer processing.'), (70, 'digitize', 'The construction of a digital representation of an analogue signal.'), (71, 'disk', 'A computer storage device which records data using patterns of magnetization in a thin layer of magnetic material on a rotating disk. '), (72, 'dithering', 'In image processing, a method based upon the principle of optical mixing which uses patterns of pixels of available colours for example, the colours in a CLUT to simulate missing colours. Dithered images often have a dotty appearance.'), (73, 'dithering', 'In digital sound processing, the addition of small amounts of noise to mitigate the effects of an inadequate number of quantization levels.'), (74, 'Document Object Model', 'A standard defined by the World Wide Web Consortium specifying an interface between the components of a Web browser and objects representing the elements of an HTML or XML document, together with any styles applied to them.'), (77, 'download', 'The transfer of data from a remote server to a local machine.'), (78, 'downsample', 'Changing the resolution of a bitmapped image to a lower value in order to restrict data size or to match the image resolution to that of an output device.'), (79, 'Dreamweaver', 'A Macromedia Web authoring application.'), (80, 'DTD', 'Document Type Definition. A specification method for XML which defines the grammar for a class of documents. '), (81, 'DV', 'A consumer and semi-professional digital video standard which uses a fixed (lossy) compression ratio of 5:1.'), (82, 'DVCAM', 'Variation of tape format for DV using the same compression algorithm and data stream as DV. '), (82, 'DVCPRO', 'Variation of tape format for DV using the same compression algorithm and data stream as DV. '), (83, 'DVD', 'Digital Versatile Disk (originally Digital Video Disk). An optical high capacity removable storage format used to record video and computer data. A double-sided DVD can store up to 17Gb but smaller sizes are more common.'), (84, 'Dynamic HTML', 'A term used to refer to the combination of JavaScript, CSS and basic HTML which implements dynamic Web page features such as animation and rollover buttons without relying on browser plug-ins or Java.'), (85, 'ECMAScript', 'A core scripting language which provides computational facilities that can be augmented with objects to control host environments such as Web browsers and Flash movies. '), (86, 'edit', 'In video or sound applications (and in film), the operation of constructing a finished piece from a collection of individual clips, or from a longer piece, by cutting and joining.'), (87, 'effect', 'Alterations made to the values of data in bitmapped images (including video) and sound in order to achieve enhancements or special visual or aural effects.'), (88, 'element', 'In an XML document, the basic logical unit used to define its structure.'), (89, 'field', 'In most video (but not in film) each frame is composed of two interlaced fields, transmitted one after the other (but see also progressive scan).'), (90, 'file', 'A data storage unit, generally on disk, which contains an ordered sequence of bytes. Each file has associated attributes such as name, owner, type, file creation date and time, etc.'), (91, 'file format', 'A specification of the internal structure of a class of files, often forming part of a standard (e.g. JPEG, TIFF, AIFF). File formats are understood by the set of applications which read or write that class of file.'), (92, 'filter', 'The selective removal or modification of some data, for example the removal of high or low audio frequencies in a sound sample, or the removal of certain spatial frequencies in an image.'), (93, 'Final Cut Pro', 'An Apple application for professional desktop video editing and post-production work.'), (94, 'Fireworks', 'A Macromedia application for the creation of Web graphics.'), (95, 'Flash', 'A Macromedia application for the creation of animation and front ends to Web applications.'), (96, 'font', 'A collection of glyphs sharing the same basic design so that they are visually related and work well togehter for the display of text.'), (97, 'fps', 'Frames per second. The units in which frame-rate is usually measured.'), (98, 'frame', 'In animation, a single still image which is part of an animated sequence. In film or video, each discrete photograph in the sequence, and therefore the smallest possible unit available in editing (but see also field).'), (99, 'frame', 'In Web design, an area within a Web page which is independently updatable.'), (100, 'frame-rate', 'A way of specifying the speed of playback of a sequence of video, film or animation.'), (101, 'FreeHand', 'A Macromedia application for vector drawing.'), (102, 'FTP', 'File Transfer Protocol. One of the TCP/IP family of protocols, used for transferring files.'), (103, 'gamma', 'A single number used to approximate the relationship between input RGB values and the intensity of light emitted by a monitor. In image processing a filter may be used to simulate the effect of change of gamma.'), (104, 'GIF', 'Graphics Interchange Format. An 8-bit bitmapped Web graphics file format using indexed colour, which can permit one arbitrary colour to be defined as transparent.'), (105, 'glyph', 'A visual representation of a characters shape. Glyphs are grouped to form fonts.'), (108, 'greyscale', 'A range of colours comprising shades of grey from white to black, in graphic applications generally restricted to one byte per pixel, i.e. 256 greys.'), (109, 'GUI', 'Graphical user interface. A way of interacting with a computer that uses graphical elements such as windows, menus and icons together with a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball or touchscreen.'), (110, 'hardware', 'The physical components of computers and peripheral electronic devices, including the media on which data is stored.'), (112, 'hotspot', 'An area on an image map that is active, such that a mouse event in that area will trigger some action.'), (114, 'HSV', 'Hue (H), saturation (S) and value (V), or (synonymously) brightness (B). A colour model in which hue is modified by white and black, roughly imitating the way in which artists work with colour in traditional media.'), (115, 'HTML', 'HyperText Markup Language. A document markup language used to create Web pages. HTML 4.0 is formally defined by the World Wide Web Consortium.'), (116, 'HTTP', 'HyperText Transfer Protocol. A simple protocol for the fast transmission over the Internet of hypertext information, usually documents marked up in HTML.'), (117, 'human-computer interaction', 'See HCI.'), (118, 'hypermedia', 'A collection of different media elements such as text, graphics, sound and video connected by links. The World Wide Web is the best known example of hypermedia.'), (119, 'hypertext', 'Text augmented with links which are pointers to other pieces of text, either elsewhere in the same document, or in another document, possibly stored at a different location.'), (120, 'ICC', 'International Color Consortium. A group set up in 1993 to promote the standardization and evolution of an open, cross-platform color management system architecture and components.'), (121, 'Illustrator', 'An Adobe vector graphics application.'), (122, 'image map', 'An interactive image, unique to Web applications, which contains active areas known as hotspots.'), (123, 'ImageReady', 'An Adobe application, usually supplied packaged with Photoshop, for the creation of Web graphics.'), (124, 'image slicing', 'The division of a digital image into rectangular areas or slices, which can then be optimized or animated independently. A sliced image has attached HTML code which puts the slices back together on a Web page.'), (125, 'in-between', 'The in-between frames in an animation are those created by reference to key frames at each end of a sequence, in order to complete the movement or action. In digital animation this can be done by computation.'), (126, 'indexed colour', 'A method of representing colours indirectly. Each pixel holds a value which is used as an index into a table holding the colour components to be used.'), (128, 'interlace', 'A standard for the scanning of a video frame such that the two fields are displayed alternately, giving a set of odd and even raster lines.'), (129, 'Internet', 'A huge, world-wide network of computers, now principally used for access to the World Wide Web.'), (130, 'Internet Content Rating Association', 'An international organization that administers the labelling of Web sites'' content.'), (131, 'interpolation', 'The calculation of additional, approximate values between known values in a set, typically used in the upsampling of images, where additional pixels are required, and in the calculation of in-between frames in digital animation.'), (132, 'intranet', 'A local area network, for example within a company, which uses Internet protocols and systems.'), (133, 'inverse kinematics', 'A method of computing the animation of any structure that takes the form of a chain of elements, by working backwards from effect to cause. This is generally used for animation of human and animal bodies the position of the bones of the leg, for example, is calculated from the position of the final element in the chain, the foot.'), (134, 'ISO', 'International Organization for Standardization. Responsible for setting international standards in all technical fields except electronic and electrical engineering. In information technology ISO works together with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).'), (135, 'ISO 10646', 'An ISO/IEC international standard that defines a character set including characters for all known written languages. Unicode is a subset of ISO 10646, currently considered adequate for practical purposes.'), (136, 'ISO Latin-1', 'Also known as ISO/IEC 8859-1. An 8-bit character set of which the first 128 code points are identical to ASCII and the remaining 128 are used for additional characters in Western European languages.'), (137, 'ISP', 'Internet Service Provider. A company providing Internet services such as dial-up access, domain name registration and Web site hosting.'), (138, 'Java', 'A computer programming language designed by Sun MicroSystems which is especially suited for Internet use because it can run on any platform. Java programs can be turned into applets.'), (139, 'JavaScript', 'An object-based scripting language, based on ECMAScript and the DOM, used to embed functions in Web pages.'), (140, 'JPEG', 'Joint Photographic Experts Group. Usually used to refer to the bitmapped graphics files which use JPEG lossy compression, especially suited to photographs. JPEG is widely used on Web pages.'), (141, 'JSP', 'JavaServer Pages. A mechanism that allows Web developers to dynamically generate HTML, XML and some other types of Web page using Java.'), (142, 'kbps', 'Kilobits per second. A measure of how many thousands of bits pass a designated point each second, used to express data transfer rate across a network.'), (143, 'key frame', 'In traditional cel animation, principal animators drew key images of characters etc. at the start and finish of an action, and the in-between frames were drawn subsequently by other people. In digital animation and motion graphics a key frame is thus a frame whose contents are fully specified by drawing and/or by the setting of precise parameters, as opposed to those in-between frames which are interpolated.'), (144, 'key frame', 'In video compression, a frame stored in its entirety, possibly compressed, as the basis for inter-frame compression of subsequent frames.'), (145, 'link', 'In hypermedia, a pointer or reference to a location in a document. Usually, links are embedded in documents as highlighted text, for example to connect locations in two documents, and may be followed using some interface gesture such as clicking with a mouse.'), (146, 'link base', 'A collection of links stored externally to any document to allow flexible linkage, including links between more than two documents.'), (147, 'lossless compression', 'A reversible compression technique which permits the original values of the data (before compression) to be recovered exactly.'), (148, 'lossy compression', 'Data compression which cannot be exactly reversed, so that the decompression operation restores only an approximation to the original data.'), (149, 'LZW', 'A lossless data compression algorithm, patented by Unisys, used in GIF files.'), (150, 'markup', 'Instructions, often in the form of tags, inserted into a document to specify its structure or control its formatting.'), (151, 'markup language', 'A language consisting of a set of tags and rules governing their usage, for applying markup to documents.'), (152, 'mask', 'In bitmapped image processing, including video, a greyscale image which defines an area to be excluded from processing or considered transparent. A mask may be saved as part of another image as an alpha channel, or may exist independently.'), (153, 'Mbps', 'Megabits per second. A measure of how many megabits (1024x1024 bits) pass a designated point each second, used to express data transfer rate across a network.'), (154, 'memory', 'Hardware components of a computer system in which data may be stored for subsequent retrieval.'), (155, 'MIDI', 'Musical Instruments Digital Interface. A standard for communicating between electronic musical instruments and music software such as sequencers.'), (156, 'MIME type', 'A specification used on the Internet to describe the type of data; a MIME type is used to specify the type of data contained in an HTTP response, for example. '), (157, 'mini-DV', 'A miniature videocassette tape standard used at consumer and semi-professional level to record DV.'), (158, 'MJPEG', 'Motion JPEG. A form of video compression that works by applying JPEG compression to each frame.'), (159, 'morph', 'In animation, the transformation of one shape into another over time. Shape tweening in Flash is a computed form of morphing; Aardmans famous plasticine character Morph illustrates the original concept.'), (160, 'mouse event', 'Any mouse input occurring at a distinct point in time, e.g. movement of the mouse over an active area of the screen, clicking the mouse button, etc. '), (161, 'MPEG', 'Motion Picture Experts Group. Usually used to refer to the set of standards for video and multimedia defined by this group. These include MPEG-2, the compression method used for DVD video, and MPEG-4, a high quality, low bitrate codec, increasingly used on the Internet.'), (162, 'navigation bar', 'A set of links, often using rollovers, placed on a collection of Web pages to provide standard navigational access to each page.'), (163, 'navigation button', 'A link in the form of a small image or rollover embedded in a Web page, often as part of a navigation bar.'), (164, 'network', 'A collection of computers, bridges and routers, connected together by wires, optical fibres or wireless links, so that they can exchange data. Also used to refer to the connections between computers in a network.'), (165, 'non-linear', 'A term primarily used in multimedia and time-based media to describe any sequential production which is not played back or experienced in an order predetermined by the producer(s). This normally implies some measure of user control or interactivity, although we sometimes speak of a non-linear narrative or structure within a linear work such as a book or film.'), (166, 'NTSC', 'National Television Standards Committee. More usually used to refer to the composite colour video standard which that committee devised for use in the USA, consisting of 29.97 interlaced frames per second, each with 480 lines of vertical resolution out of a total of 525. '), (167, 'object-based', 'An adjective applied to programming languages which provide facilities for the creation of objects, comprising values and methods, but lack the systematic class-based organization provided by object-oriented languages.'), (168, 'object-oriented', 'An adjective applied to programming languages which provide facilities for the creation of objects as instances of classes, hierarchically organized using the principle of inheritance.'), (169, 'Open Source', 'Computer software which is made freely available in source form, i.e. with the program source code and compilation and build operations made public.'), (170, 'operating system', 'The computer software which directly manages the machine hardware and provides the mechanisms by which ap-plications make use of the computer. '), (171, 'packet', 'One of the small pieces into which messages are split when transmitted over a network such as the Internet.'), (172, 'PAL', 'Phase Alternate Line. A composite colour video standard consisting of 25 interlaced frames per second, each with 625 lines of vertical resolution. PAL variants are used in most of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, China and some other areas. '), (173, 'PDF', 'Portable Document Format. A file format capable of displaying graphics and text, developed by Adobe for transferring and presenting electronic documents in a way independent of the original hardware, software or operating system used to create them. '), (174, 'Perl', 'A computer programming language often used for Web applications.'), (175, 'Photoshop', 'An Adobe application for the manipulation of bitmapped images, generally considered the industry standard for this task.'), (176, 'PHP', 'PHP Hypertext Processor (a recursive acronym). An open source language for specifying server-side computation and embedding the results in dynamically generated Web pages.'), (177, 'PICS', 'Platform for Internet Content Selection. A system of metadata for describing the content of Web pages, used by filtering services to restrict access to pages. '), (178, 'pixel', 'The smallest element of a bitmapped image, capable of displaying a single colour. Pixels are usually square and are assembled into images in rows and columns.'), (179, 'pixellation', 'In bitmapped image processing, including video, a visible blockiness, usually the result of artefaction following downsampling or lossy compression. So named because it seems as though the individual pixels are themselves visible, though usually they are not.'), (180, 'plug-in', 'A small computer program that can be attached to a larger program in order to execute specific functions, such as the display of a certain type of file. Plug-ins are frequently used with Web browsers to display formats not supported directly by the browser itself.'), (181, 'PNG', 'Portable Network Graphics. A relatively new bitmapped graphics file format that uses lossless compression. Being unpatented, use of PNG on Web pages avoids any potential licensing issues involved in the use of GIF.'), (182, 'Premiere', 'An Adobe desktop video editing application.'), (183, 'progressive scan', 'In a video system, the display of all the raster lines in each frame in consecutive order, instead of alternately as interlaced fields.'), (184, 'protocol', 'A set of rules governing the exchange of data between programs over a network.'), (185, 'quantization', 'In signal processing, the restriction of any continuously varying signal to a finite set of discrete values.'), (186, 'QuickTime', 'A multimedia architecture developed by Apple, available on Macintosh and Windows platforms, most widely used as a cross-platform video format with synchronized sound.'), (187, 'QuickTimeVR', 'A QuickTime component used for interactive 3-D scenes and objects, providing a primitive form of virtual reality.'), (188, 'RAM', 'Random Access Memory. A computers high speed memory, arranged so that each byte has an address, permitting direct access to any individual stored value.'), (189, 'rasterize', 'Conversion of a vector graphics image into a bitmapped image, a process which may introduce aliasing.'), (190, 'ray tracing', 'A rendering technique for 3-D models that produces photo-realistic results.'), (193, 'Real Video', 'A proprietary Web streaming video format which requires a plug-in in the users browser. '), (194, 'render', 'In all kinds of digital image processing, including video and 3-D, the generation of a final 2-D bitmapped image or image sequence by computation from a set of parameters input by the user, for example, after applying effects or defining the setup of a three-dimensional scene.'), (195, 'resolution', 'The number of pixels per unit length (e.g. pixels per inch) displayed by an output device or recorded by a scanner.'), (196, 'resolution', 'The number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a digital image or frame of video.'), (197, 'RGB', 'A colour model, based on additive colour mixing, in which each colour is represented by three values denoting the proportions of red, green and blue light it contains.'), (199, 'rollover', 'An image or a piece of text which changes its appearance when the cursor moves over it, usually to indicate that it will respond to a mouse click. Often used in navigation buttons.'), (200, 'RTP', 'Real-Time Transport Protocol. A protocol used on the Internet for the delivery of streamed media. RTP does not guarantee reliable delivery of packets.'), (201, 'RTSP', 'Real Time Streaming Protocol. A protocol used on the Internet to control streamed media, sometimes decribed as an Internet VCR remote control protocol.'), (202, 'run length encoding', 'A compression technique which replaces multiple consecutive copies of a repeating string (a run) with a single copy together with a repeat counter.'), (203, 'sampling', 'In signal processing, the recording of values at discrete intervals in time. Part of the process of digitization.'), (204, 'script', 'A program written in a scripting language.'), (205, 'scripting language', 'A programming language, often with a restricted syntax, used to manipulate the facilities of an existing system, as, for example, JavaScript is used to manipulate a Web browser.'), (206, 'search engine', 'A program relying on automated data collection which is designed to allow the user to enter specific search criteria when looking for material in documents held on a computer or network, usually on the World Wide Web.'), (208, 'server', 'A computer running a server program.'), (209, 'SGML', 'Standard Generalized Markup Language. A structural markup languages, the precursor of HTML and XML.'), (210, 'SMIL', 'Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. A markup language, based on XML, for describing multimedia presentations with synchronized elements.'), (211, 'software', 'Computer programs.'), (212, 'sprite', 'In animation controlled by computer programming, a character or object which is animated by the substitution of a different image or sprite face for each state (e.g. each position of the body in a walk cycle) and by the adjustment of its position within the frame.'), (213, 'sprite face', 'A still image representing one single state of a sprite, for example, one position of the body during a walk cycle. '), (214, 'stop-frame', 'In traditional animation, a technique in which objects or characters are photographed one frame at a time, being moved or altered a small amount between each frame so that an illusion of motion is created when the frames are subsequently played back in sequence. '), (215, 'storyboard', 'In any time-based production involving visual material, a series of small drawings representing key moments, actions and development in the production, presented in sequence like a comic-strip. A storyboard may include notes describing action and sound.'), (216, 'stream', 'An adjective applied to time-based media which is transmitted over a network and played back as soon as it arrives.'), (217, 'SVG', 'Scalable Vector Graphics. A vector graphics format for use on the Web, defined by a World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation.'), (218, 'SWF', 'Originally Shockwave Flash, but no longer considered to stand for anything. The format of movies generated for playback by the Flash Player or plug-in.'), (219, 'system', 'An integrated collection of components, functioning together as a composite entity, for example, a computer system composed of processor, memory, peripherals and software.'), (220, 'tag', 'An instruction in a markup language, usually delimited in some way, for example by being enclosed in angle brackets.'), (221, 'TCP/IP', 'Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Loosely used to refer to all of the protocols used on the Internet and intranets. TCP and IP are the lowest level protocols used to communicate between applications and hosts respectively.'), (222, 'thumbnail', 'A small, downsampled version of a larger image.'), (223, 'TIFF', 'Tag Image File Format. A cross-platform bitmapped graphics file format designed to store raster data, usually uncompressed.'), (224, 'time-based', 'An adjective applied to any medium that inherently has extent in time, for example video or sound.'), (225, 'timecode', 'A notation for precisely identifying a frame in a video sequence, also used to specify time within an audio track in an editing application. Timecode enables frame-accurate editing and is used to synchronize picture and sound. When written to tape, it permits logging and offline capture of clips.'), (226, 'transition', 'In video editing, the join between one discrete clip or scene and the next. The term is especially applied to joins which involve some effect, such as the fade-out/fade-in of a cross dissolve, rather than to simple cuts.'), (227, 'tree', 'A hierarchical structure in which each node has exactly one ancestor.'), (228, 'tween', 'In animation, the interpolation of additional frames between keyframes to complete the illusion of motion or action.'), (229, 'UDP', 'User Datagram Protocol. A simple communications protocol for communicating between hosts using packets of data called datagrams. UDP does not guarantee delivery of individual datagrams.'), (230, 'Unicode', 'A 16-bit subset of ISO 10646 which represents text in most of the written languages of the world.'), (231, 'upload', 'Transfer of data from a local machine to a remote machine.'), (232, 'upsample', 'Changing the resolution of a bitmapped image to a higher value by means of interpolation. This may be in order to match the image resolution to that of an output device, or to increase the number of pixels for use in further processing.'), (233, 'URI', 'Universal Resource Identifier. A URL or URN.'), (234, 'URL', 'Universal Resource Locator. A means of identifying any resource on the Internet, comprising a protocol, domain name and a path.'), (235, 'URN', 'Universal Resource Name. A name that identifies a resource on the Internet in a location-independent way.'), (236, 'usability', 'A measure of how easily anything, but particularly computer software, can be operated by users for the purpose for which it was intended.'), (237, 'user interface', 'The set of elements such as commands, icons, menus and dialogue boxes, available to the human user for interaction with the programs running on a computer; for example, the desktop interface to an operating system.'), (238, 'UTF-8', 'Unicode Transformation Format-8. An encoding for representing single Unicode characters by variable length sequences of bytes.'), (239, 'vector graphics', 'Images entirely composed of mathematically defined shapes and paths, which can nevertheless be very complex visually. Vector graphics are compact, scaleable and resolution independent.'), (240, 'VHS', 'Video Home System. Since the 1980s, the world-wide domestic consumer standard for video recording and playback, using half-inch magnetic tape in cassettes. VHS emerged as the consumer standard for home video after competition with the much better quality Sony Betamax. Now being superseded by DVD.'), (241, 'visualization', 'The presentation of complex information in an easily grasped visual form, which may be anything from a simple graph to an elaborately animated reconstruction of a scene based on a collection of data. '), (242, 'VRML', 'Virtual Reality Modelling Language. A standard markup language for describing interactive 3-D vector graphics, designed particularly for use on the World Wide Web.'), (246, 'Web Accessibility Initiative', 'A World Wide Web Consortium programme which develops guidelines for enhancing the accessibility of Web sites.'), (247, 'Web application', 'A distributed system which uses a Web browser as an interface with the end user, and HTTP to communicate with programs running on a server.'), (248, 'Web browser', 'A program for displaying Web pages.'), (249, 'Web page', 'An HTML document, usually held on a remote server and accessed with a Web browser.'), (250, 'Web-safe colours', 'A set of 216 colours that are guaranteed to be displayed correctly on any of the major computer platforms.'), (251, 'Web server', 'A program that responds to HTTP requests by returning Web pages to be displayed in a Web browser.'), (252, 'Web site', 'A collection of Web pages with a common theme, a coherent structure and a home page.'), (253, 'Windows Media', 'A Microsoft multimedia format widely used for Web video.'), (254, 'World Wide Web', 'The global distributed hypermedia system hosted on the Internet.'), (255, 'World Wide Web Consortium', 'The organization that creates Web standards and oversees the evolution of the Web.'), (257, 'XHTML', 'A version of the HTML markup language, defined using XML.'), (258, 'XLink', 'A means of specifying links in XML documents, using a collection of attributes defined for the purpose.'), (259, 'XML', 'Extended Markup Language. A markup language with facilities for defining tags and specifying restrictions on their usage; hence XML may be considered a metalanguage for defining other markup languages.'), (260, 'XPath', 'A notation for addressing elements within an XML document.'), (261, 'XPointer', 'A language, which uses XPath, for specifying fragment identifiers to refer to locations in an XML document.'), (262, 'XSL', 'Extensible Stylesheet Language, often known as XSL-FO, XSL Formatting Objects. A markup language defined in XML for creating documents that describe formatting and layout. '), (263, 'XSLT', 'Extensible Stylesheet Language for Transformations. A language defined in XML for describing transformations that alter the structure of an XML document.'), (264, 'YUV', 'A notation used to refer loosely to any component video system using a luma (Y) and two colour difference (U, V) components.'), (265, 'z-order', 'In Web pages, 3-D scenes or image manipulation programs, a stacking order from front to back of the objects or layers.'), (999, 'halibut', 'a flightless bird'); -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Table structure for table `histories` -- CREATE TABLE `histories` ( `user` varchar(13) NOT NULL default '', `term` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `n` tinyint(4) default NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Table structure for table `xrefs` -- CREATE TABLE `xrefs` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `term` char(50) NOT NULL default '' ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; -- -- Dumping data for table `xrefs` -- INSERT 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